This guide focuses on Black history in what is now the United States. This guide uses the term "Black" and "African American" interchangeably to refer to Black people in the U.S. However, in modern terminology, "Black" is often used to refer to members of the African diaspora and "African American" to the specific U.S. ethnic group. There have never been clearly delineated boundaries between different Black communities, and historical resources may or may not refer to immigrants from the Caribbean as African American. Because of the time periods covered in the guide, most resources will not include more recent Afro-Latino immigrants or immigrants from Nigeria, Somalia, or other African countries.
Some resources also use the words "negros" or "blacks" in their title. While generally offensive now, this was considered the appropriate term for much of United States history. These resources are reflective of the time in which they were produced.
On this page:
Image Right: A sticker of the logo for the Boston Black United Front. The Boston Black United Front was founded as a power-oriented organization with the goal of developing Boston’s Black community into a united base of economic and political power, ultimately improving the living conditions of community residents. Operating between 1968 and 1972 , it advocated for the safety and well-being not only of the Boston Black community, but also for that of allied communities in Cairo, Illinois, and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The entire archival collection for the BBUF has been digitized. Text and image courtesy of the Roxbury Community College Library Special Collections.
Note: The Black history resources on this page have information and archives from across the country and can work as a jumping off point for further research. They are not specific to Massachusetts, though they very well may have information about it. In order to find resources dedicated to Massachusetts, check out the Black History in Boston page in this guide or search for Massachusetts directly in the databases below. And don't forget to check our library catalog for past and current books about Black history!
A guide to the BPL's Anti-Slavery archive, one of the largest of its kind. It contains about 40,000 pieces of correspondence, broadsides, newspapers, pamphlets, books, and realia spanning a 35-year period. Digitized items from the collection can be viewed on Digital Commonwealth.
This guide is to help you get started researching at the Boston Public Library. Whether you live in Boston or are visiting, find out how to use the resources available.
This guide will show you how to use the library catalog to do things like search for items, place holds, and suggest purchases.
A guide to search techniques and developing a search strategy for assignments, literature reviews and research. From University College London.
Newspaper resources at the Boston Public Library and beyond.
This guide explains what primary sources are and demonstrates how to find them.
Guide to the Archives Department of Boston Public Library's Special Collections
A how-to for HathiTrust Digital Library, a not-for-profit collaborative of academic and research libraries now preserving 18+ million digitized items.
How-to for JSTOR, which provides access to more than 12 million journal articles, books, images, and primary sources in 75 disciplines.
Image Above: An illustrated postcard from the 1930s or 1940s depicting the outside of the Central Library at Copley Square. This is part of the Tichnor Brothers Collection, which contains approximately 25,000 office proofs of postcards of the United States published by the Boston firm Tichnor Brothers Inc.
What is a subject heading?
A subject heading is like a tag, or a label, which describes what the item (book, article, etc.) is about. Subject headings are useful because they provide a consistent way of describing the subject matter of the item. When an item is added to a database, an indexer will decide which topics are covered by the article, and choose several subject headings to apply. The subject headings used are selected from a standardized list, or thesaurus; this is known as a ‘controlled vocabulary’. This means that all items about a particular subject would be tagged with the same, standard subject heading, regardless of the words and phrases the author used in the title or abstract. (From University College London)
Image of the bpl.org search bar. To search the catalog by subject, click the second drop down and change from "Keyword" to "Subject."
This resource features select primary source documents related to critical people and events in African American history. It is designed to support a wide range of students, as well independent researchers and anyone interested in learning more about the foundation of ongoing racial injustice in the U.S.—and the fights against it.
Digitized photographs, manuscripts, books and other material of local and historical interest from the Boston Public Library and other libraries, museums, archives, and historical societies in Massachusetts.
Primary source collections exploring topics in history, literature, and culture developed by educators — complete with teaching guides for class use.
The Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division collects, preserves, and makes available for research purposes rare, unique, and primary materials that document the history and culture of people of African descent throughout the world, with a concentration on the Americas and the Caribbean.
The Photographs and Prints Division contains both documentary and fine art photographs, which document the history and culture of people of African descent worldwide as well as the work of photographers of African descent. The collection of over 300,000 images ranges from mid-eighteenth century graphics to contemporary documentary and art photography; all of the major photographic processes are represented.
The Civil Rights Digital Library Initiative represents one of the most ambitious and comprehensive efforts to date to deliver educational online content on the Civil Rights Movement. via the Web. The initiative promotes an enhanced understanding of the Movement through its three principal components: 1) a digital video archive of historical news film allowing learners to be nearly eyewitnesses to key events of the Civil Rights Movement, 2) a civil rights portal providing a seamless virtual library on the Movement by connecting related digital collections on a national scale, and 3) a learning objects component delivering secondary Web-based resources - such as contextual stories, encyclopedia articles, lesson plans, and activities--to facilitate the use of the video content in the learning process.
This 13,000 page reference center is dedicated to providing information to the general public on African American history and on the history of the more than one billion people of African ancestry around the world.
The New York Public Library's "In Motion: The African-American Migration Experience" presents more than 16,500 pages of texts, 8,300 illustrations, and more than 60 maps. The Web site is organized around thirteen defining migrations that have formed and transformed African America and the nation.
Image Above: A yellow, blue, and brown poster saying "Books are weapons," advertising collections at the Schomburg Collection (now Center) of the New York Public Library.
Primary sources on the transatlantic slave trade and the global abolitionist movement, including contemporary books and periodicals, British, Spanish, and American colonial and legal records, manuscripts, correspondence, the papers of abolitionist organizations, and other materials from the collections of research institutions around the world. Includes essays, chronologies, reference and biographical articles, and bibliographies to support and contextualize the primary source material. Note: You must be signed in with your BPL card and access this resource through our website.
Containing hearings and committee prints, legislative histories on the landmark legislations, CRS and GAO reports, briefs from major Supreme Court cases, and publications from the Commission on Civil Rights, this database allows users to educate themselves on the ways our civil rights have been strengthened and expanded over time, as well as how these legal protections can go further still.
Primary and secondary legal and historical materials on the institution of slavery, primarily in the United States and the English-speaking world. Includes every relevant colony, state, and federal statute and all reported state and federal cases on slavery, as well as historical and current periodical articles and commentaries, book reviews, and an extensive bibliography of additional print and electronic sources.
Searchable reproductions of 29,000 books, pamphlets, periodicals, and other documents about the Americas, providing original accounts of exploration, trade, colonialism, slavery and abolition, westward expansion, Native Americans, military actions, and much more.
Black Drama, Second Edition contains approximately 1,462 plays by 233 playwrights (600 published here for the first time), with detailed, fielded information on related productions, theaters, production companies, and more. The database also includes selected playbills, production photographs and other ephemera related to the plays.
Image Above: This printed booklet contains Preamble and Constitution (with space left for the name of particular societies), Declaration of the Anti-Slavery Convention in Philadelphia, Dec. 4, 1833, Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and Constitution of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. This item is part of the Anti-Slavery Collection at the Boston Public Library.
This website is a free, searchable directory for online history projects that can help further Black History research. This ongoing project was created to collect information about these digital Black History projects in order to benefit historians, genealogists, and family historians who are researching the lives of Black individuals and families.
Umbra Search is a digital library and widget that aggregates materials documenting African American history and cultural life from archives, libraries, museums, and other US repositories. Umbra Search features thumbnail images and descriptive information about photographs, manuscripts, documents, books, sound files, video files, and other freely available resources
Image Right: A cased daguerreotype Charles Lenox Remond, taken by Samuel Broadbent in the 1850s. Based in Massachusetts, Remond was an orator, activist, and abolitionist who extensively lectured against slavery. This photograph is part of the Cased Photographs Collection at the Boston Public Library.
A project of the Schlesinger Library at Harvard, this project interviewed 72 African American women between 1976 and 1981. The project recorded a cross section of women who had made significant contributions to American society during the first half of the 20th century.
The HistoryMakers records and preserves video oral history interviews highlighting the accomplishments of individual African Americans and African-American-led groups and movements.
Image Right: Former U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun is seen here after speaking at the University of Illinois at Springfield on February 4th, 2009. At the time of her election in 1993, she was only the second African American to serve in the Senate. Her biography, photographs, and interviews are all part of the HistoryMakers digitized collections.
ArchiveGrid includes over three million records describing archival materials, bringing together information about historical documents, personal papers, family histories, and more. With over 1,000 different archival institutions represented, ArchiveGrid helps researchers looking for primary source materials held in archives, libraries, museums and historical societies.
This database contains over a million collection descriptions from thousands of libraries, museums and archives. Searches can be done by keyword, title, subject, date, personal, organization, or geographic name, genre and repository.
As a multi-disciplinary resource, Archives Unbound greatest value lies in the wealth of facts and insights that they provide in connection with the political and military, economic and business, literary, music, and social history of America and a whole host of foreign countries.
Image Right: A black and white photo of poets Amiri Baraka and Maya Angelou dancing at an event at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Image via James Nova on Flickr.
Full-text access to over 850 core scholarly journals covering 44 specialized subject areas. Complete back runs of many titles are available. Coverage: spread out over the last 150 years but no current coverage for last 3-5 years.
Cross-search all Gale databases to which BPL subscribes.
Full-text journal articles in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities, including ethnic studies, women’s studies, history, and more. Coverage from 1972-present.
Full-text news and scholarly journal articles, audiovisual materials, reports, and primary source material covering all academic disciplines. Includes translation and citation tools and a TopicFinder to expand your research. Coverage: 1980-present.
Located at Harvard University, The Hutchins Center for African & African American Research supports research on the history and culture of people of African descent the world over and provides a forum for collaboration and the ongoing exchange of ideas. Institutes include the W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute, the Hip-Hop Archive & Research Institute, the Afro-Latin American Institute, the Black Film Project, the Image of the Black Archive & Library, the Institute on Policing, Incarceration & Public Safety, and the Project on Race & Gender in Science & Medicine. Harvard is also home to the Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, which includes numerous archival collections dedicated to Black women's history.
Located at Brown University, Founded in 2012, the Ruth J. Simmons Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice at Brown is a hub of dynamic research on historical racial slavery and how its legacy shapes the contemporary world.
The mission of the Boston University Center for Antiracist Research is to convene researchers and practitioners from various disciplines to figure out novel and practical ways to understand, explain, and solve seemingly intractable problems of racial inequity and injustice. We foster exhaustive racial research, research-based policy innovation, data-driven educational and advocacy campaigns, and narrative-change initiatives.
Based out of UMass Amherst, the Center’s mission is to foster and integrate scientific research on language in African American communities and application of that research in educational, social, and cultural realms. The Center has a commitment to serving as a resource for communities by furnishing information and providing training to students and educators who address language- and dialect-related issues.
The mission of RITM is to advance rigorous, innovative research and teaching on key topics of historical and contemporary importance.